What is Unemployment Benefit and How to Get It? | PENBEGÜL HUKUK

Unemployment benefits are social security benefits provided to insured employees who are unemployed to continue their financial livelihood for a certain period of time. This benefit is paid by İŞKUR in the event that the employee becomes unemployed involuntarily and meets the necessary conditions. Unemployment benefits are a security mechanism for insured employees and aim to meet the basic needs of the unemployed until they find a job.

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How Long Do You Have to Work to Receive Unemployment Benefits?

In order to receive unemployment benefits, it is necessary to have worked for at least 600 days as an insured employee in the last three years and to have paid unemployment insurance premiums. In addition, it is also required for the person to receive unemployment benefits to have worked continuously for the last 120 days. These periods provide the job security process for the person applying for unemployment benefits and confirm that the necessary premium payments have been made.

What are the conditions for receiving unemployment benefits?

There are certain conditions for receiving unemployment benefits:

Reason for termination of employment: The employee must not have left the job voluntarily or through fault. In other words, unemployment benefits can be received in the event of termination of employment by the employer or involuntary termination of employment.
Insured working period: It is required to have worked as insured for at least 600 days in the last 3 years and to have paid unemployment insurance premiums.
Last 120 days of work: The last 120 days of uninterrupted work must have been completed before the application date.
Application to İŞKUR: Application must be made to İŞKUR within 30 days from the date of leaving the job. This application can be made both at İŞKUR offices and online.

Differences Between Short-Time Working Allowance and Unemployment Benefit

There are some fundamental differences between short-time work allowance and unemployment benefits:

Purpose: Short-time work allowance is an aid given to workers when the workplace temporarily stops operating. Unemployment benefits are paid to workers who have lost their jobs completely.
Application: Short-time work allowance is received through the employer’s application, and unemployment benefit is received through the worker’s individual application to İŞKUR.
Duration: Short-time work allowance is paid for 3 months and this period can be extended by the Presidential decision. Unemployment benefits are paid for 6, 8 or 10 months depending on the number of premium days of the employee.

How is Unemployment Benefit Calculated?

When calculating unemployment benefits, the insured person’s gross earnings for the last 4 months are taken into account. Unemployment benefits are calculated as 40% of the average daily gross earnings. However, the salary cannot exceed 80% of the gross minimum wage. This means that there is an upper limit to the salary. Below are the steps for calculating unemployment benefits:

Gross wages of the last 4 months: The total gross wages of the insured unemployed person for the last 4 months.
Daily average wage: The daily average gross wage is calculated by dividing the gross wage by 120 (4 months = 120 days).
40% rule: 40% of the average daily gross wage is determined as unemployment benefit. For example, if the daily gross wage is 200 TL, the unemployment benefit will be 80 TL per day.
Upper limit: However, unemployment benefits cannot exceed 80% of the gross minimum wage. If the calculation is made based on the minimum wage for 2024, the upper limit of the salary will not exceed the minimum wage.

What Should Be Done To Receive Unemployment Benefits?

In order to receive unemployment benefits, an application must be made to İŞKUR within 30 days of leaving work. This application can be made through the İŞKUR website or at the nearest İŞKUR branch. Documents such as a termination certificate and an ID will be requested during the application. In addition, the person applying for unemployment benefits must participate in the job search programs offered by İŞKUR and actively search for a job.

How Long Will Unemployment Benefits Last?

The duration of unemployment benefit varies depending on the insured worker’s working period:

Those who pay premiums for 600 days: receive unemployment benefits for 6 months (180 days).
Those who have paid premiums for 900 days: receive unemployment benefits for 8 months (240 days).
Those who paid premiums for 1080 days: receive unemployment benefits for 10 months (300 days).

When these periods are over, unemployment benefits are cut off. However, if the unemployed person starts working again and continues to pay premiums during this period, they may be eligible for unemployment benefits again.

Unemployment benefits are an important social security mechanism that prevents insured employees from falling into difficult situations. In order to receive this benefit, certain conditions must be met and the necessary applications must be made on time. Unemployment benefits help unemployed employees stay on their feet economically for a while longer, helping them get through the period until they find a new job more easily.

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